COPPA, the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, has been around since 1998. The intent is to protect the minors under the age of 13 from having their privacy violated on the internet. It limits collecting data on children, including analytics used to advertise to them. For a long time, COPPA compliance was the domain of large corporations and companies that wanted to sell things to young children. But the Federal Trade Commission, the FTC, has issued clarification that YouTubers and small creators must comply with COPPA as well. So without the resources of a larger organization how can you know if COPPA applies to you?
The definition of collecting private information on children is broad. It applies to web cookies and anything that YouTube collects for personalized advertising. If someone is watching your YouTube channel Google is collection information on them. Under a settlement agreement with the FTC Google must stop collecting this information on channels directed at children, and these channels must take steps to make sure this data is not collected.
But what does it mean to have a YouTube channel directed at children? The FTC does not want to provide a clear answer. They cite a number of factors, from subject matter, to the use of celebrities that “appeal to children,” to the actual age of those watching.
This raises more questions than it answers. The FTC has kept their criteria broad to give themselves the greatest amount of regulatory power possible. Are video games subject matter that appeals to children, even though many adults play them? What if you post mature content discussion adult themes but children happen to watch it in large numbers despite you not marketing to them? What if your videos have a cute aesthetic that appeals to everyone, including children? The broad brush that the FTC paints with makes this difficult for a creator to approach on their own.
The penalties for violations are serious, with the maximum fines in the tens of thousands of dollars.